Supplier & Exporter of Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Metals

Butt Weld · Socket Weld · Threaded

Pipe Fittings

Elbows, tees, reducers, caps, stub ends, forged fittings and branch outlets in stainless steel, duplex, carbon steel, alloy steel and nickel alloys — with the matching grades, dimensions and tolerances you need to specify them.

Product Overview

Fittings to Match Every Pipe We Supply

We supply butt weld fittings, forged socket weld and threaded fittings, and branch outlets in stainless steel, duplex, super duplex, carbon steel and alloy steel — and in nickel alloys, titanium and copper-nickel for the lines that need them.

Fittings are supplied in the same grade and schedule as the pipe they join, so the whole line comes with one set of documents. Every fitting is stamped with its grade, size and heat number and supplied with a mill test certificate to EN 10204 Type 3.1 or 3.2. When your project needs independent verification, inspection by your nominated agency is carried out before dispatch.

Stainless steel butt weld pipe fittings
First, the Basics

Three Ways a Fitting Joins the Pipe

The end connection decides the size range, the pressure the joint can take and how it is made on site. Most lines use butt weld fittings, with socket weld and threaded fittings on small bore.

Butt weld

Bevelled ends welded right through the wall. The joint is as strong as the pipe, with a smooth bore. Standard for NPS 2 and above, and available from NPS 1/2.

Standards: ASME B16.9 · MSS SP-43 · bevels to B16.25

Socket weld

The pipe slides into a socket and is fillet welded. Easy to align, with no bevelling. A small gap is left at the bottom of the socket to allow for weld shrinkage.

Standards: ASME B16.11 · NPS 1/8 to 4 · Class 3000, 6000, 9000

Threaded

Screwed together on tapered threads, with no welding. Quick to install and take apart, for small-bore utility, instrument and low-pressure lines.

Standards: ASME B16.11 · NPT to B1.20.1 or BSP · Class 2000, 3000, 6000
Fitting Types

Every Shape the Line Needs

Fittings change direction, split or combine flow, change size and close the line. These are the shapes we supply, grouped by how they connect.

Butt weld fittings

90° Elbow

LR · SR · B16.9

Turns the line through a right angle. Long radius is the default.

45° Elbow

LR · B16.9

A half turn, for offsets and angled runs.

180° Return

LR · SR · B16.9

Reverses flow — heater coils and heat-exchanger loops.

Equal Tee

B16.9

Splits or joins flow with the branch the same size as the run.

Reducing Tee

B16.9

A tee with a smaller branch, in one fitting.

Cross

B16.9

Four-way connection, for fire water and utility headers.

Concentric Reducer

B16.9

Reduces size on a common centre line — vertical lines.

Eccentric Reducer

B16.9

One flat side — pump suctions and drained lines.

Cap

B16.9

Closes the end of a line, welded on.

Stub End

Long · short · B16.9 · SP-43

Used with a lap joint flange, so the flange can be carbon steel.

Forged socket weld & threaded fittings

Elbow, 90° & 45°

SW · THD · B16.11

Forged change of direction for small-bore lines.

Tee

SW · THD · B16.11

Equal and reducing, for small-bore branches.

Cross

SW · THD · B16.11

Four-way forged connection.

Full Coupling

SW · THD · B16.11

Joins two lengths of pipe end to end.

Half Coupling

SW · THD · B16.11

Welded onto a pipe or vessel to make a small branch.

Cap

SW · THD · B16.11

Closes the end of a small-bore line.

Union

SW · THD · MSS SP-83

A joint that can be taken apart without cutting the pipe.

Hex Bushing

THD · B16.11

Reduces a threaded connection by one or more sizes.

Plug

Hex · square · round head

Closes a threaded opening.

Reducer Insert

SW · MSS SP-79

Fits into a socket weld fitting to take a smaller pipe.

Branch outlets, nipples & swages

Weldolet

MSS SP-97

Butt weld branch, welded onto the run pipe.

Sockolet

MSS SP-97

Socket weld branch for small-bore take-offs.

Threadolet

MSS SP-97

Threaded branch for instruments and vents.

Elbolet

MSS SP-97

Branch on the outside of an elbow — thermowells.

Latrolet

MSS SP-97

A 45° lateral branch on a straight run.

Nipolet

MSS SP-97

A one-piece outlet and nipple for drains and vents.

Pipe Nipple

Plain · threaded · A733

A short length of pipe with plain or threaded ends.

Swage Nipple

Concentric · eccentric · SP-95

A forged reducer between a larger and a smaller pipe.

Bull Plug

MSS SP-95

A forged closure for the end of a line.

3D & 5D Bend

Induction bent

Bent from pipe on a large radius, for pigging lines.

Elbows

Long Radius, Short Radius or Bend?

An elbow is sized by the pipe it joins and by how tightly it turns. The centre-to-end dimension, A, is what your piping designer uses to lay out the line.

Long radius (LR)
Centre-line radius of 1.5 × NPS. The default for process piping: gentler flow, lower pressure drop and less wear.
Short radius (SR)
Centre-line radius of 1.0 × NPS, for tight spaces. More pressure drop than LR.
3D & 5D bends
Radius of 3 or 5 times the pipe size, bent from pipe. Lets pigs and scrapers pass.
Angles
90° and 45° elbows and 180° returns as standard; other angles to order.
See elbow dimensions
A · centre to end R R Long radiusR = 1.5 × NPS Short radiusR = 1.0 × NPS

Elbow terms on a drawing

  • A, centre to end: from the point where the two centre lines meet to the face of either end.
  • R, bend radius: the radius of the centre line. For a 90° elbow, A equals R.
  • Example: a 4" LR elbow has A = 152 mm; a 4" SR elbow has A = 102 mm.
Materials & Grades

Fitting, Forging and Pipe, Matched

Each material has one specification for butt weld fittings, one for forged fittings and one for pipe. Choose a family to see the grades that belong together.

Stainless Steel Fittings

Wrought fittings to ASTM A403 match A312 pipe grade for grade. Light-wall fittings for Sch 5S and 10S pipe are made to MSS SP-43 and marked CR instead of WP.

Butt weld fittings
ASTM A403 · ASME SA403
Forged fittings
ASTM A182 · ASME SA182
Matching pipe
ASTM A312 · A358
GradeButt weldForgedPipeWhere it is used
304 / 304LWP304 / WP304LF304 / F304LTP304 / TP304LGeneral process, water and food lines.
304HWP304HF304HTP304HHigh-temperature service above 525 °C.
316 / 316LWP316 / WP316LF316 / F316LTP316 / TP316LChemical, pharmaceutical and coastal plants.
317LWP317LF317LTP317LPulp, paper and flue-gas service.
321 / 321HWP321 / WP321HF321 / F321HTP321 / TP321HStabilised for 400–800 °C service.
347WP347F347TP347Refinery and high-temperature steam lines.
310SWP310SF310TP310SFurnace and heat-treatment piping.
904LWP904LF904LN08904Sulphuric and phosphoric acid lines.

Duplex & Super Duplex Fittings

Wrought duplex fittings to ASTM A815 carry the UNS number in the grade. Forged fittings use the A182 F-number.

Butt weld fittings
ASTM A815 · ASME SA815
Forged fittings
ASTM A182 · ASME SA182
Matching pipe
ASTM A790 · A928
GradeButt weldForgedPipeWhere it is used
Duplex 2205 (S31803)WPS31803F51A790 S31803Chemical, offshore and desalination piping.
Duplex 2205 (S32205)WPS32205F60A790 S32205As S31803, with tighter chemistry.
Super Duplex 2507WPS32750F53A790 S32750Seawater and high-chloride lines.
Super Duplex S32760WPS32760F55A790 S32760Seawater, firewater and sour service.

Carbon Steel Fittings

Choose the carbon steel grade by service: A234 for general and high-temperature lines, A420 for low temperature, and A860 for high-yield line pipe.

Butt weld fittings
ASTM A234 · A420 · A860
Forged fittings
ASTM A105 · A350 · A694
High-yield dimensions
MSS SP-75
ServiceButt weldForgedPipeWhere it is used
General & high temperatureA234 WPBA105A106 Gr. B · A53 Gr. BThe standard carbon steel fitting for process and utility lines.
Higher strengthA234 WPCA105A106 Gr. CHigher-strength carbon steel lines.
Low temperature, to −46 °CA420 WPL6A350 LF2A333 Gr. 6Impact-tested fittings for cold service.
Low temperature, to −101 °CA420 WPL3A350 LF3A333 Gr. 33½ % nickel steel for colder service.
High-yield line pipeA860 WPHY 42 – 70A694 F42 – F70API 5L X42 – X70Oil and gas transmission lines.

Alloy Steel Fittings

Chromium-molybdenum fittings for high-temperature steam and refinery lines. The WP grade matches the P grade of the pipe.

Butt weld fittings
ASTM A234 · ASME SA234
Forged fittings
ASTM A182 · ASME SA182
Matching pipe
ASTM A335
CompositionButt weldForgedPipeWhere it is used
5Cr – ½MoA234 WP5A182 F5A335 P5Refinery lines with hot sulphur-bearing streams.
9Cr – 1MoA234 WP9A182 F9A335 P9Higher-temperature refinery and heater piping.
1¼Cr – ½MoA234 WP11A182 F11A335 P11Steam lines and headers.
1Cr – ½MoA234 WP12A182 F12A335 P12Boiler and steam piping.
2¼Cr – 1MoA234 WP22A182 F22A335 P22High-pressure steam and hydrogen service.
9Cr – 1Mo – VA234 WP91A182 F91A335 P91Main steam and hot reheat lines in power plants.

High Nickel Alloy Fittings

Wrought nickel-alloy fittings are made to ASTM B366, and forged fittings to B564, which identifies the alloy by its UNS number.

Butt weld fittings
ASTM B366 · ASME SB366
Forged fittings
ASTM B564 · ASME SB564
Matching pipe
ASTM B165 · B167 · B444 · B407 · B423 · B622
AlloyButt weldForgedPipeWhere it is used
Monel 400B366 WPNCB564 N04400B165Seawater and hydrofluoric acid lines.
Inconel 600B366 WPNCIB564 N06600B167High-temperature and caustic service.
Inconel 625B366 WPNCMCB564 N06625B444Seawater, flue-gas and chemical lines.
Incoloy 800 / 800HB366 WPNIC / WPNIC10B564 N08800 / N08810B407Furnace and petrochemical piping.
Incoloy 825B366 WPNICMCB564 N08825B423Sulphuric and phosphoric acid lines.
Hastelloy C276B366 WPHC276B564 N10276B622Wet chlorine and mixed-acid service.
Alloy 20B366 WP20CBB462 N08020B729Sulphuric acid handling.

Titanium Fittings

Titanium fittings for seawater, chlor-alkali and chemical plant, matched to seamless and welded titanium pipe.

Butt weld fittings
ASTM B363
Forged fittings
ASTM B381
Matching pipe
ASTM B861 · B862
GradeButt weldForgedPipeWhere it is used
Grade 2B363 WPT2B381 F2B861 / B862 Gr. 2General corrosion service and seawater lines.
Grade 7B363 WPT7B381 F7B861 / B862 Gr. 7Reducing acids.
Grade 12B363 WPT12B381 F12B861 / B862 Gr. 12Crevice-corrosion resistance at higher temperature.

Copper-Nickel & Copper Fittings

Copper-nickel fittings for seawater and firewater systems on ships and offshore platforms; copper fittings for plumbing, medical gas and refrigeration.

Copper-nickel fittings
EEMUA 146
Copper fittings
ASME B16.22
Matching pipe
EEMUA 144 · ASTM B466 · B88
AlloyUNSFittingsPipeWhere it is used
Copper-Nickel 90/10C70600EEMUA 146EEMUA 144 · B466Seawater cooling and firewater lines.
Copper-Nickel 70/30C71500EEMUA 146B466Higher-velocity seawater service.
CopperC12200ASME B16.22B88 · B280Plumbing, medical gas and refrigeration.

Aluminium Fittings

Aluminium butt weld fittings for cryogenic, chemical and lightweight piping.

Butt weld fittings
ASTM B361
Dimensions
ASME B16.9
Matching pipe
ASTM B241
AlloyUNSFittingsPipeWhere it is used
6061A96061B361 WP6061B241 6061General structural and process piping.
6063A96063B361 WP6063B241 6063Architectural and low-pressure lines.
5083A95083B361 WP5083B241 5083Marine and cryogenic service.

Swipe the table sideways to see every column

The chemistry of each fitting grade follows the matching pipe grade; see the Pipes & Tubes page. For other families and product forms, see Materials & Grades.

Reading a Marking

What the Stamp on a Fitting Says

Every fitting is marked with what it is and how it was made. This is how to read a typical stainless steel elbow, and what to check against your order and the certificate.

  1. Maker's markIdentifies the manufacturer of the fitting.
  2. Material specificationA403 is wrought austenitic stainless. Others: A234 carbon and alloy, A420 low-temperature carbon, A815 duplex, B366 nickel alloys.
  3. ClassWP means made to ASME B16.9 or B16.11 dimensions. CR means made to MSS SP-43, the light-wall standard.
  4. GradeThe alloy. It should match the grade of the pipe the fitting is welded to.
  5. ConstructionS seamless · W welded · WX welded, all welds radiographed · WU welded, all welds ultrasonically tested.
  6. Size and wallNominal pipe size and schedule, the same as the pipe. Reducing fittings show both sizes.
  7. Heat numberLinks the fitting to its mill test certificate. Check that it matches the certificate you receive.
Chemical Composition

Carbon & Alloy Fitting Grades

Composition limits in percent by weight for the carbon and alloy steel fitting grades. A single figure is a maximum; a range shows minimum and maximum. Stainless, duplex and nickel fitting grades follow the matching pipe grade.

GradeCMnPSSiCrMoOthers
Carbon steel · butt weld
A234 WPB0.300.29 – 1.060.0500.0580.10 min0.400.15Ni 0.40 · Cu 0.40 · V 0.08
A234 WPC0.350.29 – 1.060.0500.0580.10 min0.400.15Ni 0.40 · Cu 0.40 · V 0.08
A420 WPL60.300.60 – 1.350.0350.0400.15 – 0.400.300.12Ni 0.40 · Cu 0.40 · V 0.08 · Nb 0.02
Carbon steel · forged
A1050.350.60 – 1.050.0350.0400.10 – 0.350.300.12Ni 0.40 · Cu 0.40 · V 0.08
A350 LF20.300.60 – 1.350.0350.0400.15 – 0.300.300.12Ni 0.40 · Cu 0.40 · V 0.08 · Nb 0.02
Alloy steel · forged
A182 F11 Cl. 20.10 – 0.200.30 – 0.800.0400.0400.50 – 1.001.00 – 1.500.44 – 0.65–
A182 F22 Cl. 30.05 – 0.150.30 – 0.600.0400.0400.502.00 – 2.500.87 – 1.13–
A182 F910.08 – 0.120.30 – 0.600.0200.0100.20 – 0.508.00 – 9.500.85 – 1.05V 0.18 – 0.25 · Nb 0.06 – 0.10 · N 0.030 – 0.070

Swipe the table sideways to see every element

Values are shown for reference and follow the specifications named in the table. Limits are revised from time to time, so the edition of the specification on your order, and the mill test certificate supplied with the material, always govern. Butt weld alloy grades A234 WP5 to WP91 follow the A335 pipe chemistry on the Pipes & Tubes page.

Mechanical Properties

Strength and Size, Compared

A fitting must be at least as strong as the pipe it joins, so its grade follows the pipe. The second chart shows how the length of a long radius elbow grows with pipe size.

Minimum yield strength

MPa · butt weld and forged fitting grades

  • WPS32750 · F53550
  • WPS31803 · F51450
  • WP91 · F91415
  • WPHY 52360
  • F22 Cl. 3310
  • WPC275
  • A105 · LF2250
  • WPB · WPL6240
  • WP316 · F316205
  • WP316L · F316L170

Duplex fittings carry more than twice the load of 316L, which is why duplex lines can use a lighter schedule.

90° long radius elbow, centre to end

mm · dimension A to ASME B16.9

  • NPS 24914
  • NPS 20762
  • NPS 16610
  • NPS 12457
  • NPS 10381
  • NPS 8305
  • NPS 6229
  • NPS 4152
  • NPS 276
  • NPS 138

From NPS 3 upward, A is 1.5 × NPS in inches. The full table for every fitting is in the dimension chart below.

GradeSpecificationTensile strength
MPa
Yield strength, min
MPa
Stainless steel
WP304 · WP316 · WP321 · WP347ASTM A403515 min205
WP304L · WP316LASTM A403485 min170
F304 · F316 · F321 · F347ASTM A182515 min205
F304L · F316LASTM A182485 min170
Duplex & super duplex
WPS31803 · F51ASTM A815 / A182620 min450
WPS32205 · F60ASTM A815 / A182655 min450
WPS32750 · F53ASTM A815 / A182800 min550
WPS32760 · F55ASTM A815 / A182750 min550
Carbon steel
WPBASTM A234415 – 585240
WPCASTM A234485 – 655275
WPL6ASTM A420415 – 585240
WPHY 52ASTM A860455 min360
A105ASTM A105485 min250
LF2 Cl. 1ASTM A350485 – 655250
Alloy steel
WP5 · WP9 · WP11 · WP22, Cl. 1ASTM A234415 – 585205
WP91ASTM A234585 – 760415
F11 Cl. 2ASTM A182485 min275
F22 Cl. 3ASTM A182515 min310
F91ASTM A182585 min415

Swipe the table sideways to see every column

Actual test results, including elongation and hardness, are reported on the mill test certificate.

Dimensions

Butt Weld Fitting Dimension Chart

Centre-to-end and overall dimensions to ASME B16.9, in mm. The wall thickness of each fitting matches the schedule of the pipe; see the pipe schedule chart.

NPSinch ODmm 90° LR elbowA 90° SR elbowA 45° LR elbowB 180° LR returnO, centre to centre TeeC, run · M, branch ReducerH, length CapE, length
1/221.338–167625–25
3/426.738–1957293825
133.438252276385138
1 1/442.248322595485138
1 1/248.3573829114576438
260.3765135152647638
2 1/273.0956444190768938
388.91147651229868951
3 1/2101.613389572679510264
4114.31521026430510510264
5141.31901277938112412776
6168.32291529545714314089
8219.1305203127610178152102
10273.0381254159762216178127
12323.8457305190914254203152
14355.65333562221067279330165
16406.46104062541219305356178
184576864572861372343381203
205087625083181524381508229
246109146103811829432508267

Swipe the chart sideways to see every fitting

Reducer length H is the same for every reduction from a given large end. Cap length E is for standard wall; caps for heavier walls are longer. Sizes above NPS 24, up to NPS 48, are supplied on request.

Forged fittings · pressure class and matching pipe schedule

ClassSocket weld fittings
use with pipe
Threaded fittings
use with pipe
Size range
NPS
2000–Sch 80 · XS1/8 – 4
3000Sch 80 · XSSch 1601/8 – 4
6000Sch 160XXS1/8 – 4
9000XXS–1/2 – 2

Per ASME B16.11. The class is a designation, not a pressure in psi; the pressure rating of the joint is that of the matching pipe.

Tolerances

Tolerances & the Weld Bevel

Dimensional tolerances for butt weld fittings to ASME B16.9, and the standard bevel that prepares each end for welding.

ASME B16.9, NPS 1/2 to 24

ItemTolerance
Outside diameter at the bevel
NPS 1/2 to 2 1/2+1.6 / −0.8 mm
NPS 3 to 4±1.6 mm
NPS 5 to 8+2.4 / −1.6 mm
NPS 10 to 18+4.0 / −3.2 mm
NPS 20 to 24+6.4 / −4.8 mm
Inside diameter at the end
NPS 1/2 to 2 1/2±0.8 mm
NPS 3 to 8±1.6 mm
NPS 10 to 18±3.2 mm
NPS 20 to 24±4.8 mm
Wall & length
Wall thickness87.5 % of nominal, min
Centre to end, A · B · C · M±2 mm

Weld bevel · ASME B16.25

37.5° ± 2.5° Root face 1.6 ± 0.8 mm t Centre line of fitting
For walls up to 22 mm. Thicker walls take a compound bevel, also to ASME B16.25. Other bevels are cut to your welding procedure.
Surface
Stainless fittings pickled or sand-blasted. Carbon steel fittings varnished or oiled against rust, as ordered.
Marking & packing
Each fitting stamped or stencilled with grade, size, schedule and heat number. Ends protected with caps, packed in wooden cases for export.
Selection

Which Fitting for Which Job?

A starting point for choosing the type of fitting. The material follows the pipe; the fitting type follows the size, the service and how the line is built.

SituationTypical choiceWhy
Process lines, NPS 2 and aboveButt weld · B16.9Full-strength welded joint with a smooth, crevice-free bore.
Small-bore lines at high pressureSocket weld · Class 3000 / 6000Easy fit-up with no bevelling; strong fillet-welded joint.
Utility, instrument & low-pressure linesThreaded · Class 2000 / 3000No welding. Not suited to cyclic, toxic or flammable service.
Thin-wall stainless, Sch 5S & 10SMSS SP-43 · CR gradesLight-wall fittings made to match light-wall pipe.
Normal change of direction90° / 45° LR elbowGentle turn with low pressure drop and wear.
Tight spaces90° SR elbowShorter centre-to-end, at the cost of more pressure drop.
Pigging & slurry lines3D / 5D bendLarge radius lets pigs pass and reduces erosion.
Pump suction reductionEccentric reducer, flat side upNo air pocket can form at the top of the line.
Small branch on a large headerWeldolet · sockolet · threadoletCheaper and lighter than a reducing tee.
Flanged joints in costly alloyStub end + lap joint flangeOnly the stub end is alloy; the flange can be carbon steel.
Joints that are opened oftenUnionCan be taken apart without cutting the pipe.

Swipe the table sideways to see every column

This guide is for orientation only. The choice of fitting and material depends on the full service conditions and the governing piping code, and remains the responsibility of the design engineer.

Testing & Documents

Tested, Traceable & Documented

Every fitting is traceable to its heat number and leaves with its mill test certificate. These tests are arranged when your order calls for them.

  • MTC EN 10204Type 3.1 & 3.2 certificates
  • PMI TestingConfirms the alloy grade
  • RadiographyWelds of WX fittings, or as specified
  • Dye PenetrantSurface cracks on welds and bevels
  • IGC TestIntergranular corrosion, ASTM A262
  • Dimensional CheckCentre-to-end, OD, wall and bevel
Questions Buyers Ask

Pipe Fittings, Explained

What is the difference between long radius and short radius elbows?

The bend radius. A long radius (LR) elbow bends on a centre-line radius of 1.5 times the nominal pipe size, a short radius (SR) elbow on 1.0 times. LR elbows are the default in process piping because the flow turns more gently, with less pressure drop and wear. SR elbows are used where space is tight. See the elbow drawing.

What do S, W, WX and WU mean in a fitting grade?

They describe how the fitting was made. S is seamless. W is welded. WX is welded with all welds radiographed. WU is welded with all welds ultrasonically tested. For example, A403 WP316L-S is a seamless 316L stainless fitting and A403 WP316L-WX is a welded one with fully radiographed welds. See reading a marking.

Should the fitting schedule match the pipe?

Yes. A butt weld fitting is ordered in the same nominal size and schedule as the pipe it is welded to, so the walls line up at the weld. The fitting grade should also match the pipe grade, for example A403 WP316L with A312 TP316L pipe.

Should I choose Class 3000 or Class 6000 socket weld fittings?

Match the class to the pipe schedule. Under ASME B16.11, Class 3000 socket weld fittings go with Schedule 80 pipe, Class 6000 with Schedule 160 and Class 9000 with XXS. For threaded fittings, Class 2000 goes with Schedule 80, Class 3000 with Schedule 160 and Class 6000 with XXS.

When should I use an eccentric reducer?

An eccentric reducer keeps one side of the pipe straight. At a pump suction it is installed flat side up, so no air pocket can collect at the top of the line. In pipe racks it is often installed flat side down so the line drains, or to keep the bottom of pipe at one level on its supports.

What documents are supplied with pipe fittings?

Every lot is supplied with a mill test certificate to EN 10204 Type 3.1 or 3.2, traceable to the heat number marked on each fitting, along with any additional test reports ordered, such as radiography, PMI or intergranular corrosion tests. When third-party inspection is called for, the agency's inspection release note is included. More on our quality & inspection page.

Complete the Line

Everything That Goes With the Fittings

Pipe, flanges, valves and fasteners in matching grades, so the whole line comes from one supplier with one set of documents.

Have a Pipe Fitting Requirement?

Send the fitting list with sizes, schedules and grades. We will confirm availability and quote, with the mill test certificate and inspection you need.