Round, hex, square, flat and hollow bars in stainless steel, duplex, carbon steel, alloy steel,
nickel alloys, titanium, copper, brass and aluminium — with the grades, strengths, weights and
tolerances you need to specify them.
Product Overview
Bar Stock for Machining and Forging
We supply round, hex, square, flat and hollow bars in stainless steel, duplex,
super duplex, carbon steel and alloy steel — and in nickel alloys, titanium, copper, brass and
aluminium — for shafts, fasteners, valve and pump parts and machined components.
Bars are supplied black, peeled, bright drawn or ground, in random lengths or cut to the lengths you
need. Every bundle carries its heat number and is supplied with a mill test certificate to EN 10204
Type 3.1 or 3.2. When your project needs independent verification, inspection by your nominated
agency is carried out before dispatch.
Each shape is ordered by a different dimension. Getting it right matters most for hex bar, which is sized across its flats, not across its corners.
Round Bar
Ordered by diameter
Shafts, pins, bolts, spindles and turned parts. The most common bar.
Hex Bar
Ordered across flats (AF)
Nuts, fittings and parts that are gripped by a spanner.
Square Bar
Ordered by side
Keys, blocks and machined parts with flat faces.
Flat Bar
Ordered width × thickness
Brackets, supports, gaskets, wear strips and fabrication.
Hollow Bar
Ordered OD × ID
Thick-walled bar for bushes, sleeves and rings, saving material and machining time.
Finishes
From Mill Scale to a Ground Finish
The finish sets the surface and how close the diameter is held, and so how much machining the bar needs. Tolerance classes are explained further down the page.
Black
Hot rolled
Rolled at high temperature, with the dark mill scale or a pickled surface. The widest size tolerance.
Best forForging stock, and parts that will be fully machined
Forged
Forged bar
Forged from ingot or bloom and usually rough turned. For the largest diameters and the soundest core.
Best forLarge shafts, flanges, rings and heavy machined parts
Peeled
Peeled & turned
The skin is turned off on a lathe, removing scale and surface defects and leaving fine turning marks.
ToleranceTypically h11 or k12
Bright
Bright drawn
Cold drawn through a die for a smooth, bright surface and a close diameter. Drawing also raises strength.
ToleranceTypically h9 to h11
Ground
Centreless ground
Ground between wheels after drawing or peeling, for the closest diameter tolerance and roundness.
ToleranceTypically h8 or h9; h7 on request
Polished
Polished
Ground bar polished to a bright, reflective finish with a low surface roughness.
Best forPump shafts, piston rods and visible parts
Annealed & solution annealed
Soft and ductile, for machining and forming. The standard condition for stainless and nickel alloys.
Hardened & tempered
Quenched and tempered for strength and toughness, as for EN19, EN24, 4140 and 410 or 431 stainless.
Aged & normalised
17-4PH is supplied in an H condition; carbon steel bars as rolled or normalised.
Materials & Grades
Every Grade, in Bar Form
Choose a material family to see the bar grades we supply, their international designations, and the specifications that cover them.
Stainless Steel Bars
Austenitic grades for corrosion resistance, free-machining grades for high-volume turning, and martensitic and precipitation-hardening grades where strength and hardness are needed.
Bars & shapes
ASTM A276 · A479 · ASME SA479
Precipitation hardening
ASTM A564
European
EN 10088-3 · EN 10272
Grade
UNS
EN / W.Nr.
Where it is used
303
S30300
1.4305
Free-machining austenitic — turned parts in high volume.
304 / 304L
S30400 / S30403
1.4301 / 1.4307
General machined parts, shafts and fasteners.
316 / 316L
S31600 / S31603
1.4401 / 1.4404
Marine, chemical and pharmaceutical components.
316Ti
S31635
1.4571
Titanium-stabilised 316 for welded parts at temperature.
321 / 347
S32100 / S34700
1.4541 / 1.4550
Stabilised grades for high-temperature service.
310S
S31008
1.4845
Furnace parts and heat-treatment fixtures.
904L
N08904
1.4539
Super-austenitic — acid service and seawater.
410
S41000
1.4006
Martensitic — valve trim, pump shafts and fasteners.
416
S41600
1.4005
Free-machining martensitic — screws, gears and fittings.
420
S42000
1.4021 / 1.4028
Hardenable — cutlery, surgical tools and moulds.
431
S43100
1.4057
High-strength martensitic — marine shafts and bolts.
High strength with resistance to chloride pitting and stress-corrosion cracking, for shafts, fasteners and valve parts in seawater and offshore service.
Bars & shapes
ASTM A276 · A479 · ASME SA479
European
EN 10088-3
Corrosion tests
ASTM A923 · ASTM G48
Grade
UNS
EN / W.Nr.
Where it is used
Duplex 2205
S31803 / S32205
1.4462
Pump and propeller shafts, fasteners and valve parts.
Super Duplex 2507
S32750
1.4410
Seawater pumps, subsea parts and high-strength fasteners.
Super Duplex S32760
S32760
1.4501
Seawater, firewater and sour-service components.
Lean Duplex 2101
S32101
1.4162
Structural and reinforcing bar where 304 is not strong enough.
Carbon Steel Bars
Free-cutting, medium-carbon and structural bars, supplied black, bright or turned, as rolled or normalised.
Engineering steel
EN 10083-2 · BS 970 · SAE J403
Free-cutting steel
EN 10087 · BS 970
Structural rounds
IS 2062 · ASTM A36
Grade
Equivalents
Type
Where it is used
EN1A
230M07 · 11SMn30
Free-cutting
High-volume turned parts, nuts and screws.
EN8
080M40 · C40
Medium carbon
Shafts, axles, bolts and general machined parts.
C45
1.0503 · SAE 1045 · EN8D
Medium carbon
Shafts, gears and parts that are surface hardened.
EN9
070M55 · C55
Higher carbon
Wear parts, sprockets and machine tool parts.
SAE 1018
C15 · EN3
Low carbon
Case-hardened pins and general bright bar work.
IS 2062 / A36 rounds
E250 · S235 / S275
Structural
Fabrication, anchor bolts and general engineering.
Alloy Steel Bars
Chromium-molybdenum and nickel-chromium-molybdenum steels, supplied annealed or hardened and tempered, for highly stressed shafts, gears and bolting.
Quench & temper steel
EN 10083-3 · BS 970
American
SAE J404 · ASTM A322 · A434
Bolting bar
ASTM A193 B7 · B16
Grade
Equivalents
Type
Where it is used
EN19
709M40 · 42CrMo4 · SAE 4140
Cr-Mo
Shafts, gears, spindles and B7 stud bolts.
EN24
817M40 · 34CrNiMo6
Ni-Cr-Mo
Heavily loaded shafts, crankshafts and high-tensile bolts.
SAE 4340
36CrNiMo4 · 1.6511
Ni-Cr-Mo
Aircraft and heavy-duty machine parts.
SAE 4130
25CrMo4 · 1.7218
Cr-Mo
Weldable high-strength parts and tubing.
EN31
535A99 · 100Cr6 · SAE 52100
Bearing steel
Bearing races, rollers and gauges.
EN41B / EN36
905M39 · 655M13
Nitriding · case hardening
Nitrided shafts and case-hardened gears.
High Nickel Alloy Bars
Bars for fasteners, valve stems, pump shafts and machined parts where stainless steel is not enough. Each alloy has its own ASTM bar specification.
Alloy
UNS
Bar specification
Where it is used
Nickel 200 / 201
N02200 / N02201
B160
Caustic and electronic applications.
Monel 400
N04400
B164
Seawater pump shafts, valve parts and fasteners.
Monel K-500
N05500
B865
Age-hardened — high-strength shafts and bolts.
Inconel 600
N06600
B166
Heat-treatment fixtures and furnace parts.
Inconel 625
N06625
B446
Seawater, chemical and high-temperature parts.
Inconel 718
N07718
B637
Age-hardened — turbine, oil-tool and aerospace parts.
Incoloy 800 / 800H
N08800 / N08810
B408
Furnace and petrochemical components.
Incoloy 825
N08825
B425
Acid-resistant parts and fasteners.
Hastelloy C276
N10276
B574
Chemical-process components and fasteners.
Titanium Bars
Commercially pure titanium for corrosion service and Grade 5 for strength at low weight.
Bars & billets
ASTM B348 · ASME SB348
Surgical
ASTM F136 · F67
Density
4.51 g/cm³
Grade
UNS
Type
Where it is used
Grade 2
R50400
Commercially pure
Chemical and seawater components.
Grade 5
R56400
Ti – 6Al – 4V
High-strength aerospace, marine and motorsport parts.
Grade 7
R52400
Ti – 0.15Pd
Reducing acids.
Grade 23
R56401
Ti – 6Al – 4V ELI
Medical implants and fracture-critical parts.
Copper, Brass & Bronze Bars
Copper for electrical work, free-cutting brass for turned fittings, and bronzes for bushes, bearings and marine hardware.
Copper
ASTM B187
Brass
ASTM B16 · B21
Bronze & copper-nickel
ASTM B139 · B150 · B151
Alloy
UNS
Specification
Where it is used
ETP Copper
C11000
B187
Busbars, earthing and electrical parts.
Free-Cutting Brass
C36000
B16
Turned fittings, valve parts and screws.
Naval Brass
C46400
B21
Marine hardware, shafts and fasteners.
Phosphor Bronze
C51000
B139
Bushes, springs and wear parts.
Aluminium Bronze
C63000
B150
Heavy-duty bearings, valve seats and pump parts.
Copper-Nickel 90/10 · 70/30
C70600 / C71500
B151
Seawater components and fittings.
Aluminium Bars
Rolled, extruded and cold-finished aluminium bars for machined parts where weight matters.
Rolled & cold-finished
ASTM B211
Extruded
ASTM B221 · EN 755
Density
About 2.70 g/cm³
Alloy
UNS
Common temper
Where it is used
6061
A96061
T6 / T6511
General machined and structural parts.
6082
–
T6
The European structural alloy for machined parts.
2011
A92011
T3
Free-machining — screw machine parts.
7075
A97075
T6 / T651
High-strength aerospace and tooling parts.
5083
A95083
O / H111
Marine fittings and welded parts.
Swipe the table sideways to see every column
These are the grades asked for most, not the limit of what we supply. For other families and product forms, see Materials & Grades.
Chemical Composition
What Is in the Bar
Composition limits of the bar grades that differ most from sheet and pipe, in percent by weight. A single figure is a maximum; a range shows minimum and maximum.
Grade
C
Mn
P
S
Si
Cr
Ni
Mo
Others
Stainless steel · ASTM A276 / A479 / A564
303
0.15
2.00
0.20
0.15 min
1.00
17.0 – 19.0
8.0 – 10.0
–
–
304
0.08
2.00
0.045
0.030
1.00
18.0 – 20.0
8.0 – 11.0
–
–
316L
0.030
2.00
0.045
0.030
1.00
16.0 – 18.0
10.0 – 14.0
2.00 – 3.00
–
410
0.08 – 0.15
1.00
0.040
0.030
1.00
11.5 – 13.5
–
–
–
416
0.15
1.25
0.060
0.15 min
1.00
12.0 – 14.0
–
–
–
420
0.15 min
1.00
0.040
0.030
1.00
12.0 – 14.0
–
–
–
431
0.20
1.00
0.040
0.030
1.00
15.0 – 17.0
1.25 – 2.50
–
–
17-4PH (630)
0.07
1.00
0.040
0.030
1.00
15.0 – 17.5
3.0 – 5.0
–
Cu 3.0 – 5.0 · Nb 0.15 – 0.45
Carbon & alloy steel
EN8 (080M40)
0.36 – 0.44
0.60 – 1.00
0.050
0.050
0.10 – 0.40
–
–
–
–
SAE 1045
0.43 – 0.50
0.60 – 0.90
0.030
0.050
–
–
–
–
–
42CrMo4 (EN19)
0.38 – 0.45
0.60 – 0.90
0.025
0.035
0.40
0.90 – 1.20
–
0.15 – 0.30
–
SAE 4140
0.38 – 0.43
0.75 – 1.00
0.035
0.040
0.15 – 0.35
0.80 – 1.10
–
0.15 – 0.25
–
EN24 (817M40)
0.36 – 0.44
0.45 – 0.70
0.035
0.040
0.10 – 0.40
1.00 – 1.40
1.30 – 1.70
0.20 – 0.35
–
SAE 4340
0.38 – 0.43
0.60 – 0.80
0.035
0.040
0.15 – 0.35
0.70 – 0.90
1.65 – 2.00
0.20 – 0.30
–
Swipe the table sideways to see every element
Values are shown for reference and follow the specifications named for each grade. Limits are revised from time to time, so the edition of the specification on your order, and the mill test certificate supplied with the material, always govern. Chemistry of the other stainless and duplex grades is on the Sheets & Plates page.
Mechanical Properties
Strength by Grade and by Condition
For bar, the heat-treated condition matters as much as the grade. The first chart compares materials in their standard condition; the second shows how far 17-4PH changes with ageing.
Minimum yield strength
MPa · annealed bar, to the ASTM bar specification
Titanium Gr. 5828
Super Duplex 2507550
Duplex 2205450
Inconel 625414
Titanium Gr. 2275
SS 410275
SS 904L220
SS 304 / 316205
SS 304L / 316L170
Monel 400170
Titanium Grade 5 has four times the yield strength of 316L at a little over half the weight.
17-4PH, yield strength by condition
MPa · minimum, ASTM A564
H9001170
H9251070
H10251000
H1075860
H1100795
H1150725
H1150M515
The higher the ageing temperature, the lower the strength and the better the toughness. H1150 and H1150M are chosen for valve and pump parts and for sour service.
Grade
Specification
Condition
Tensile strength MPa
Yield strength, min MPa
Elongation, min %
Stainless & duplex
304 · 316
ASTM A479
Annealed
515 min
205
30
304L · 316L
ASTM A479
Annealed
485 min
170
30
410
ASTM A479
Annealed
485 min
275
20
904L
ASTM A479
Annealed
490 min
220
35
17-4PH
ASTM A564
H900
1310 min
1170
10
17-4PH
ASTM A564
H1150
930 min
725
16
Duplex 2205 (S32205)
ASTM A479
Annealed
655 min
450
25
Super Duplex 2507
ASTM A479
Annealed
800 min
550
15
Nickel alloys & titanium
Monel 400
ASTM B164
Annealed
480 min
170
35
Inconel 625
ASTM B446
Grade 1, annealed
827 min
414
30
Titanium Gr. 2
ASTM B348
Annealed
345 min
275
20
Titanium Gr. 5
ASTM B348
Annealed
895 min
828
10
Carbon & alloy steel · EN 10083, 16 – 100 mm
C45
EN 10083-2
Normalised
580 min
305
16
42CrMo4 (EN19)
EN 10083-3
Quenched & tempered, 40 – 100 mm
900 – 1100
650
12
Swipe the table sideways to see every column
The strength of carbon and alloy steel bar falls as the diameter increases; the values shown are for the size range given. Actual test results, including hardness, are reported on the mill test certificate.
Weight Chart
Bar Weight per Metre
Theoretical weight in kg per metre for round, hex and square bar. Choose the material, and click any value to load that bar into the calculator, which also handles flat and hollow bar.
kg per metre · stainless steel 304 / 304L (7.93 g/cm³)
Sizemm
Rounddiameter
Hexacross flats
Squareside
6
0.224
0.247
0.285
8
0.399
0.440
0.508
10
0.623
0.687
0.793
12
0.897
0.989
1.14
16
1.59
1.76
2.03
20
2.49
2.75
3.17
25
3.89
4.29
4.96
30
5.61
6.18
7.14
32
6.38
7.03
8.12
40
9.97
10.99
12.69
50
15.57
17.17
19.83
60
22.42
24.72
28.55
63
24.72
27.26
31.47
75
35.03
38.63
44.61
80
39.86
43.95
50.75
100
62.28
68.68
79.30
125
97.32
107.3
123.9
150
140.1
154.5
178.4
200
249.1
274.7
317.2
250
389.3
429.2
495.6
300
560.5
618.1
713.7
Reading the chart: the chart is a weight reference for every size. Hex and square bars are made in a narrower size range than round bar; tell us what you need and we will confirm what is available.
Bar weight calculator
Choose the shape and enter its size, or click a value in the chart above.
Weights are theoretical, at nominal size. Actual weight varies within the tolerance of the finish ordered.
Tolerances
Diameter Tolerance Classes, ISO 286
Bright bars are ordered to an ISO 286 tolerance class. The letter sets where the tolerance lies against the nominal size; the number sets how wide it is.
Diameter mm
h8
h9
h10
h11
k12
Over 3 to 6
−0.018
−0.030
−0.048
−0.075
+0.120
Over 6 to 10
−0.022
−0.036
−0.058
−0.090
+0.150
Over 10 to 18
−0.027
−0.043
−0.070
−0.110
+0.180
Over 18 to 30
−0.033
−0.052
−0.084
−0.130
+0.210
Over 30 to 50
−0.039
−0.062
−0.100
−0.160
+0.250
Over 50 to 80
−0.046
−0.074
−0.120
−0.190
+0.300
Over 80 to 120
−0.054
−0.087
−0.140
−0.220
+0.350
Over 120 to 180
−0.063
−0.100
−0.160
−0.250
+0.400
Swipe the table sideways to see every class
Values in mm. For h classes the bar may be up to the value shown under the nominal size, and never over it. For k12 it may be up to the value shown over the nominal size, and never under it.
h zones lie under the nominal size and k zones over it. The higher the number, the wider the zone.
Which finish gives which class
Centreless ground: h8 or h9, h7 on request. Bright drawn: h9 to h11. Peeled and turned: h11 or k12. Black and forged bar: to the hot-rolled or forging standard.
Lengths & ends
Random lengths of about 3 to 6 m, or cut to length. Ends saw cut, and chamfered on request.
Marking & packing
Each bar or bundle marked with grade, size and heat number. Bright bars protected against scratches and rust, packed in bundles or wooden cases.
Grade Selection
Which Grade for Which Part?
A starting point for matching the bar to the part it will become. Tell us what you are making, and we will quote the grades and conditions that fit.
Part
Typical choice
Why
General machined parts, corrosive service
SS 304 · 316
Good corrosion resistance and easy to weld.
High-volume turned parts
SS 303 · 416 · EN1A · C36000 brass
Free-machining grades cut fast with short chips.
Pump and valve shafts
SS 410 · 431 · 17-4PH H1150
Hardenable for strength and wear, with fair corrosion resistance.
Seawater shafts and fasteners
Duplex 2205 · 2507 · Monel 400 / K-500
Resist chloride pitting and stress-corrosion cracking.
High-strength shafts and gears
EN19 · EN24 · 4140 · 4340, Q&T
Hardened and tempered for strength and toughness.
General shafts, axles and bolts
EN8 · C45 · SAE 1045
Economical medium-carbon steel, can be surface hardened.
Stud bolts for flanges
4140 (B7) · 304 / 316 (B8 / B8M)
The standard bolting grades for pressure joints.
High-temperature parts
SS 310S · Inconel 600 · 625
Keep strength and resist scaling when hot.
Light, strong parts
Titanium Gr. 5 · Aluminium 7075
The best strength for their weight.
Bushes and bearings
Phosphor bronze · Aluminium bronze
Low friction and good wear resistance.
Electrical conductors
ETP Copper C11000
The highest conductivity of common metals.
Bearing races and gauges
EN31 · SAE 52100
Hardens to a very hard, wear-resistant surface.
Swipe the table sideways to see every column
This guide is for orientation only. Final material selection depends on the full service conditions and the governing design code, and remains the responsibility of the design engineer.
Testing & Documents
Tested, Traceable & Documented
Every bundle is traceable to its heat number and leaves with its mill test certificate. These tests are arranged when your order calls for them.
MTC EN 10204Type 3.1 & 3.2 certificates
PMI TestingConfirms the alloy grade
Ultrasonic TestInternal soundness of the bar
Hardness TestConfirms the heat-treated condition
IGC TestIntergranular corrosion, ASTM A262
Dimensional CheckDiameter, tolerance and straightness
What is the difference between black and bright bars?
Black bars are hot rolled or forged and keep the dark scale or pickled surface of the mill, with wide size tolerances. Bright bars are peeled, cold drawn or ground to a clean, smooth surface and a close diameter tolerance, so they can often be used or machined with little stock removal. See the finishes.
What does a tolerance class such as h9 or h11 mean?
It is an ISO 286 tolerance class. An h tolerance means the bar is never larger than the nominal size and may be smaller by the amount of the tolerance grade. For a 25 mm bar, h9 allows 0 to minus 0.052 mm and h11 allows 0 to minus 0.130 mm. Ground bars are typically h8 or h9, cold drawn bars h9 to h11, and peeled bars h11 or k12. See the tolerance table.
How do I calculate the weight of a round bar?
Weight in kg per metre is the cross-section area in square millimetres times the density in grams per cubic centimetre, divided by 1000. For a round bar the area is π ÷ 4 × diameter². A 50 mm round bar of stainless steel 304 therefore weighs 1963.5 × 7.93 ÷ 1000 = 15.57 kg per metre. The bar calculator does this for every shape.
Which stainless steel bar machines best?
Grade 303 is the free-machining austenitic stainless steel; added sulphur breaks up the chips, so it machines much faster than 304. Grade 416 is the free-machining martensitic grade. Free-machining grades have somewhat lower corrosion resistance and are not suited to welding, so 304 or 316 are used where those matter.
What do H900 and H1150 mean for 17-4PH bar?
They are precipitation-hardening conditions under ASTM A564, named after the ageing temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. H900 gives the highest strength, with a minimum yield of 1170 MPa, but the lowest toughness. H1150 is softer and tougher, with a minimum yield of 725 MPa, and is often chosen for valve and pump parts.
What documents are supplied with bars?
Every lot is supplied with a mill test certificate to EN 10204 Type 3.1 or 3.2, traceable to the heat number marked on the bars, along with any additional test reports ordered, such as ultrasonic testing, PMI or hardness. When third-party inspection is called for, the agency's inspection release note is included. More on our quality & inspection page.
Complete the Order
Other Products in Matching Grades
Fasteners, flanges, pipe and plate in the same grades, so everything for the job comes from one supplier with one set of documents.
